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moneysense.ca, 14/07/08
Adventures of a DIY Investor, Part 1
[After investing through a broker for more than seven years, Dave from Winnipeg has decided to become a DIY Investor and offered to write about his investing adventures. Here's part one of his saga...]
After months and months of reading investing focused books, sites and blogs I’ve finally gotten to the point where I feel reasonably ready to jump into DIY investing with both feet, or at the very least test the waters with the tips of my toes (as you can see, my investment mood varies depending on the day)! I suppose I should start with a little background on myself – I’m 29 years old and work for a large insurance company in Canada. I’ve been saving and investing in mutual funds since I was 20.
In my early 20′s, I invested in the mutual funds that my local Credit Union offered. My banker at the time recommended them, but little did I know that she was only authorized to recommend them and no other mutual funds, so I was immediately at a disadvantage. I didn’t have a lot of investing knowledge at the time so I took her recommendation to buy two funds. The funds performed quite abysmally (I don’t know whether that had to do with the market at the time or the funds themselves) and about five years later I transferred my investments to a friend that had just received her license as a financial advisor. She suggested two other funds from large mutual fund dealers in Canada and I signed up without much hesitation. As you can see, although I was actively socking away money in RRSPs, I didn’t take an active role in figuring out where the money was being invested. Generally, whatever was recommended to me was what I bought.
Fast forward to two years ago when I was boarding a plane to Mexico for a quick one-week vacation. I’ve always been interested in investing and I picked up a book called The Automatic Millionaire, by David Bach at the airport bookstore. I got so into the book that I read it cover to cover by the time the plane landed in Mexico, much to the chagrin of my girlfriend. That was the catalyst for my new outlook on investing. I started reading a few more investing books and came across The Boglehead’s Guide to Investing by Larimore, Lindauer and LeBeouf. It was through this book that I came to discover how important low management fees are to future earnings and the importance of diversification through broad index funds and/or ETFs. The first thing I did was look at the MER for the two mutual funds I held at the time and, after picking my tongue off the ground, decided I was going to take a more active role in investing. It was my plan to start investing in low cost ETFs and that I didn’t want to deal with my current financial advisor nor my banker at the Credit Union, with whom I still dealt with for my banking.
I also decided that I wanted to handle my own investing online using a discount brokerage firm so I starting looking at my options: My current online brokerage account (I had purchased Air Canada stock about 6 months before bankruptcy, but that story is for another time) was an option, but they charged $29/trade and an annual RRSP account fee ($50/year). After a bit more research, I discovered a few of the smaller Canadian discount brokers, including TradeFreedom, Questrade, and Interactive Brokers. I eventually settled on TradeFreedom, mainly because they offered no fees on RRSP accounts (most of my investment holdings were in RRSP accounts), low fees, and they had JUST been purchased by Scotiabank (that gave me warm fuzzies).
My decision to transfer all my investments away from my financial advisor/friend was very easy. I knew I could handle my own investing decisions as long as I had some good knowledge and kept it reasonably simple. Over the last six months or so I’ve gained invaluable knowledge and continue to develop my investing strategy. It’s been a bit challenging lately trying to figure out the best time to get into the market, especially with things being so volatile lately, but I’ve purchased a handful of ETFs and am slowly starting to narrow down the rest of my asset allocation. As of right now, the majority of my holdings are in cash. I know this market presents great opportunities for purchases and I feel fully confident that I’ll make the right decisions in the next few weeks and/or months.
My comment: Thank you for an excellent post Dave. My only suggestion would be to devise an asset allocation that is suitable for your circumstances and tastes and stick to it. While MERs take a huge toll on investment returns, DIY investors need to guard against the tendency to trade too much or chase performance. Good luck with your adventures. If you have a story idea or tips or suggestions, feel free to contact us.
moneysense.ca, 14/07/08









Aside from accounts (such as my company pension) where I have no choice but to buy mutual funds, I avoid mutual funds altogether. The exception to the rule is a couple of ETFs down on NYSE, but that’s because the NYSE is so much broader in terms of investment choices.
For example, indexing in Canada, to me, makes absolutely no sense at all. Take a look at any Canadian market weighted index fund and in fact it looks like most large cap equity funds. The problem is that in Canada, these funds will hold the big 5 banks, the big insurance companies, a couple of big resource companies and that’s pretty much it. Even if the MER is below 1%, if you have $100K in an account – you’re paying $1000 in fees for what? Just for them to hold onto the 10 most widely held, most liquid stocks in Canada? A REIT index fund would be dominated by RioCan, H&R and I can’t recall the 3rd biggest.
Anyways, my opinion is just to buy those biggest most liquid holdings and then you pay 0% MER for holding onto those funds! It would pretty much mirror the market, just like an index fund. The effect of small caps on an index fund would be like a rounding error. Even mid-caps have a relatively miniscule effect on a market weighted index.
Money doesn’t grow on fees.
Now back to the NYSE, they have more interesting offerings than we do. I’m into some of the private equity funds listed, which are like mutual fund portfolios of companies which are not listed on the stock exchange. And private equity is the “smart money”, much smarter money managers than the average mutual fund manager – mainly because those who can’t deliver results get whacked pretty quick. The NYSE also has index funds of preferred shares, which I’m into as well.
“And that’s all I have to say about that”… – Quote from Forrest Gump
Hi Phil,
Thanks for your comment to my first ever blog post! You mention that getting into index funds in Canada might not necessarily make the most sense. For myself, I will be buying one of two Canadian ETFs that I have my eye on and the rest of my Canadian allocation is with individual stocks and my company stock plan.
You also mention private equity – that is in fact part of my asset allocation plan – approximately 10% will be split between a US private equity ETF and an international private equity ETF. The ETFs hold the major private equity investment companies.
Phil: You’re right that the Canadian index is very narrow and “unbundling” is an option. Personally, I don’t like much exposure to resources and Canadian equities are 20% of my allocation, so I prefer to buy stocks directly for that portion (realizing that I could potentially trail the index).
Dave: Keep us posted on your asset allocation. Thanks for the great post.
Like Dave, The Automatic Millionaire was the catalyst for my ‘transformation’ as well. I’ve learned a so much from more advanced books but because it was the 1st finance book that hooked me instantly, I always recommend David Bach’s books to beginners.
Great guest post.
I am 29 & just started into investing. Similar to Dave, I have been reading various investment books. I used have an actively managed portfolio with a major bank, but one day saw the light. Within the last year I started with the Couch potato portfolio of TD e-funds (25% each of Canadian Bond Index, U.S. Index, International Index, Canadian Index), for both my RRSP & non registered investments. Recently I added a small portion of my portfolio allocated to Emerging Markets (5%) & Precious Metals (5% – as an inflation hedge). I invest monthly.
I have feel like I have learned a lot in the past few months from reading books & blogs like this one, although I am not quite comfortable with individual stocks. My portfolio is not big enough yet for ETFs. I have also read about inflation worries & the role of REITs & Real Return Bonds. I also read the the U.S. Index does not include small caps which is an important part of a portfolio if you’re looking for more long term growth.
I guess I am wondering if I am on the right track for now. At what point should I consider the switch to ETFs?
Chris: I can only speak from my perspective, but I chose ETFs because I found them to have cheaper MERs, based onVanguard’s line. A significant portion of my portfolio will be going in the Vanguard line of funds (for US equity (small, mid and large cap), emerging markets, Pacific, European, and US REIT).
I put aside a portion of my savings each month to allocate to my portfolio, and I liked the idea of having more control in “how much” and “where” this goes (i.e., I can buy a certain amount of emerging markets ETF one month and some Pacific ETF the next month).
The debate between index funds and ETFs seems to rage on without a clear winner. I think as long as you are investing on a regular basis and sticking to your asset allocation either choice is a good one.
telly: I read The Automatic Millionaire years after I got interested in finances, so it didn’t do as much for me. The one thing I didn’t like about the book is that David Bach makes saving money to be so easy. I don’t think it is. There is a lot of sacrifice involved. But then, bitter pills are sugar coated so that they are easier to swallow.
Chris: Our smaller portfolios are have allocations similar to yours and I wouldn’t worry too much about adding more asset classes at this point. The S&P 500 is a large-cap index and when the position in US equities becomes sufficiently larger, VTI would be a good choice as it has roughly 20% in small caps. As the portfolios grow larger, you can add more asset classes. I”ll be posting on when to switch to ETFs in the near future.
CC: I agree about Bach but I also think that is what makes his work so motivating (for the yet inspired). When I read The Automatic Millionaire I thought, “Holy Cow, I can be rich some day!!”. Like you said, now I realize it takes a fair bit of effort and sacrifice but the 1st step is the hardest and David Bach has motivated many, many people to take that 1st step. There’s a lot to be said for that.
I’ve actually been trying out the “couch potato portfolio.” I buy a Canadian Index fund, a US index fund, and an International index fund and adjust the weights accordingly once every year. This strategy, on average, is supposed to outperform any mutual fund portfolio.
Your thoughts?
http://www.canadianbusiness.com/my_money/investing/article.jsp?content=20060405_152254_1452
sred: I track a couple of couch potato portfolios — for smaller portfolios, I use the TD e-Series Index Funds and for larger portfolios I use low-cost, broad-market index funds and more diversification by adding real-return bonds, REITs and emerging markets:
http://www.canadiancapitalist.com/category/investing/sleepy-portfolio
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Am I able to purchase both e-Series index funds and ETFs within a TD account? Or do I need to set up an account with a discount brokerage for the ETFs? I know I can’t get the e-Series Index funds from a company other than TD.